Roofing surface



'M 19437 I j r J. H. HARDY 2,319,227

ROOFING SURFACE Filed July 2, 1941' Patented May 18, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE noorfifg fiitmon James Hardy Artesia, Miss. Application July 2, 1941, Serial No. 400,778

4 Claims.

This invention relates to means for covering the roof or walls of buildings witha protecting surface, and particularly to such a structure in Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing diagrammatically the sequence of steps in building a roof.

which cement mortar, placed before setting. forms in the construction of building roofs and walls concrete as a surfacing material has long appeared to be an advantageous, low priced and long lived covering, provided the thickness of the material could be kept down to an economical basis and yet proper placing and curing be accomplishcd. v

Concrete shingles cured before placing meet the requirements of the situation except that their stiffness and inherent rigidity makes it impossible to secure them in closely seated relationship except under ideal conditions -substantially impossible of obtainment, and such being the situation they have little or no superiority over slate or rigid asbestos shingles unlessit may be the matter of first cost. To in part meet this situation bituminous materials have been-made use of for seating purposes, but it is necessary under ordinary conditions to keep these materials of substantially uniform and such extremely limited thickness as again to restrict their use to ideal conditions, hardly ever met. and even so they age and lose their value with all too great rapidity.

Fig. 2 is a section taken along the'line 11-11 of Fig. 1: and

' Fig. 3 is a similar section showing a roof with the usual double shingle eave edge.

Referring now to the drawing in which the various parts are indicated by numerals:

- Ii. is a roof sheathingv adapted to form the substructure for the instant roofing surface. I!

is a sheet of substantially waterproof material,

preferably bituminous paper, such as tar or asphalt paper which is rolled out, preferably along the cave edge of the sheathing, and I5 one of similar sheets of bituminous paper placed from f time to time as construction progresses to accomplish the complete covering of the sheathing,

.these sheets ordinarily slightly overlapping, as shown, and serving primarily the purpose of preventing absorption by the underlying sheathing of moisture from the subsequently laid surfacing materials.

On this paper is spread a thin layer of cement I are to be laid thereon. Immediately following the spreading of the mortar layer I1, and before setting, shingles I! are placed in side abutting relation on and embedded in the mortar. These Numerous. attempts have also been made to place and cure concrete in situ and notable success along this line has been reached in my previous patents, No. 2,193,233 and No. 2,246,514, both of the structures, however, to whichthese patents relate involving the use of certain surface protecting materials which are subsequently removed and thrown away.

The objects of the present invention are:

To build a roof or wallstructure using a minimum of material and of economical cost, which conforms intimately to the subsurface structure and is attached securely to that structure, which is of substantially unitary construction, and in which the ultimately exposed surface material is integrated with, protects and accomplishes satisfactorily and economically the curing of the un-- derlying substantially integral parts of the structure.

The means by which the foregoing objects are accomplished and the method of their accomplishment will readily be understood from the following specification upon reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

shingles are preferably of concrete mortar, and if of mortar, are formed and thoroughly cured before being laid, but they may be of slate, asbestos or other preferably rigid types, or may be semi-rigid bituminous shingles. The placed and embedded shingles is are secured, as by nails 2| driven through the shingles and into the underlying substructure. The laying of the shingles follows the spreading of the layer of embedment 1 mortar as rapidly as possible; and preferably before the first embedment mortar layer I! has set, a second layer .3 of embedment mortar is laid to overlie the placed and secured shingles, and also to overlie the projecting edge of the mortar layer l1 and an additional amount of the sheeting or subsurface structure, the second layer as before being of greater width than the shingles subsequently to be laid thereon, and bonding into and forming an integral mass with contacted portions of the underlying layer.

0n the second layer 23 of mortar a second row of shingles 25 are placed, embedded and nailed and subsequently additional layers of mortar, as the layer 27, and rows of shingles, as the shingle 29, are similarly placed and the same procedure followed until the roof is complete.

In embedding the shingles the mortar is forced out from beneath the butt end of the shingles to leave a perhaps ragged protruded portion, as the portion 2l-A, and shortly thereafter or subsequently before the mortar has hardened, this portion is removed to leave the lower edge of the mortar substantially fiush with the butt ends of the shingles.

In Fig. 3 a first layer I '|--A of mortar-is laid. a first row of shingles lS-A placed thereon, 'as before, and these shingles preferably nailed down fairly close to the eave edge of the sheeting l l-A. as by nails 3|. Over the first row of shingles a second layer of mortar 33, extending to the butt end of the shingles I9--A is laid and a second row of shingles embedded therein to give the usual double shingle eave edge of roof, this second row of shingles having their butt edges alined with the butt edges of the shingles l9-A. The shingles 35 are then nailed down with nails 2l-A. A layer 23A of mortar and shingles 25-A are placed and the procedure followed substantially as before.

In carrying out the work, every endeavor is used to effect integration of the mortar layers with the shingles and to thereby produce a monolithic roof surface.

In the structure the underlying bituminous sheets prevents the loss of moisture by the mortar to the sheeting, and the overlying finished shingles similarly substantially prevent escape of moisture, thus conserving in the mortar the moisture so necessary for curing.

While the structure hereinbefore described is particularly applicable to roofing it may also be applied as a covering for a wall and in such case the ultimate surfacing material may be designated as tiles, perhaps more accurately than as shingles. The term tile has therefore been used in the claims, and as there used to be distinctly understood as meaning a shingle, a tile or other similar thin covering.

It will will be understood that the tile may, like the shingle, be of mortar, bituminous material or other material.

I claim:

1. The method of forming a shingle type roofing surface over a roof substructure, which comprises placing over said substructure a sheet of substantially waterproof material, spreading a thin layer of mortar, having a width of at least tile length, in a strip along the eave edge of said roof, embedding in said mortar, throughout their entire lengths and widths and integrating therewith, substantially abutting, thin tiles and securing said tiles as by nailing, along a line spaced from the butt ends thereof only slightly in excess of a desired exposure distance, spreading over said tiles and substructure and embedding the heads of said nails, 9. second strip of mortar, substantially of first strip width, spaced from said eave edge said desired exposure distance, similarly embedding therein, and securing a second similar row of tiles, and subsequently repeating the operation until desired roof coverage is complete and all of said mortar is covered by tile, said mortar layers being made of substantially the thickness of the overlying tile portions and being integrated with said tiles into a monolithic roofing structure.

2. The method of forming a shingle type roofing surface over a roof substructure, which comprises placing over said substructure a sheet of substantially waterproof material, spreading a thin layer of mortar, having a width of at least shingle length, in a strip along the cave edge of said roof, embedding in said mortar, throughout their entire widths and lengths, substantially abutting thin shingles of mortar and securing said shingles to said substructures and in said embedment by nailing, along a line adjacent and underlying the butt edges of the next-overlying said shingles to be laid, spreading over the laid said shingles and substructure and overlapping said nails a second strip of mortar of similar width, spaced from the cave edges of said laid shingles said desired exposure distance, embedding therein and securing by nailing said next overlying similar row of shingles, and subsequently repeating the operation until desired roof coverage is complete and all of said shingles are underlaid throughout by said mortar, said mortar layers being made of substantially the thickness of the overlying shingle, and being integrated with said shingles and other mortar layers into a monolithic roofing structure protected during curing and otherwise by said shingles.

3. A roofing surface of shingle type, comprising a superstructure, an underlying sheet of bituminous paper and superposed strips overlapped and displaced shingle fashion to leave successive desired exposed areas, each said strip comprising a thin layer of cement mortar and overlying tiles of substantially mortar layer thickness closely placed and integrated throughout their entire respective under surfaces with said mortar and secured and held in embedment by nailing through said said mortar to said superstructure along a line overlaid by a next laid strip, the mortar and tiles of each said strip being placed and integrated while said mortar is fresh with the respective underlying strip into a unitary structure, said mortar embedding said nailing and said sheet and tiles forming respective under and overlying coverings during setting and curing of said mortar, and said tiles additionally the finished exposure surface.

4. A roofing surface of shingle type, comprising a superstructure, an underlying sheet of bituminous paper and superposed strips overlapped and displaced shingle fashion to leave successive desired exposed areas, each said strip comprising athin layer of cement mortar and overlying cement shingles of substantially mortar layer thickness closely placed and integrated throughout their entire respective under-surfaces with said mortar and secured and held in embedment by nailing through said mortar to said superstruc ture, said mortar and shingles being placed while said mortar is fresh and substantially integrated into a unitary structure, and the line of said nailing being spaced from the butt ends of said shingles only slightly in excess of displacement distance, said shingles forming respectively lower and top coverings protecting said mortar duringsetting and curing, and said shingles additionally the finished exposure surface.

JAMES HARRIS HARDY. 

